Hierarchy of the Catholic Church

Lore & Background

The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is attested since the time of the first Epistle of Ignatius to the Philadelphians. The term 'hierarchy' became popular only in the sixth century, due to the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius. The term 'pope' was still used loosely until the sixth century, being at times assumed by other bishops. Dioceses are divided into parishes, each staffed by one or more priests, deacons, or lay ecclesial ministers. Approximately 19.3% of all parishes do not have a resident pastor, and 1,948 parishes worldwide are entrusted to a deacon or lay ecclesial minister.

Reader's Guide

The hierarchy of the Catholic Church is significant because it establishes the structure of authority and ministry within the church, rooted in the belief that bishops are successors of the Apostles. Bishops possess the fullness of orders and provide pastoral governance for dioceses, while priests and deacons assist them. The pope, as bishop of Rome, holds a primacy among bishops, though the exact nature of that primacy remains a significant ecumenical issue. The hierarchy ensures unity and diversity of gifts, as reflected in the college of bishops and episcopal conferences. Decisions in certain fields, notably liturgy, fall within the exclusive competence of these conferences, binding on individual bishops if agreed by at least two-thirds and confirmed by the Holy See. The hierarchy also defines sacramental roles: only bishops can administer Holy Orders; only priests and bishops can celebrate the Eucharist, Penance, Confirmation, and Anointing of the Sick. All clergy may preach, teach, baptize, witness marriages, and conduct funeral liturgies. The hierarchy's development, including the reservation of the title 'pope' for the bishop of Rome by the 11th century, has shaped Catholic identity and governance.

Did You Know?

• The term 'hierarchy' became popular only in the sixth century, due to the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius.
• Only bishops can administer the sacrament of Holy Orders, by which men are ordained as bishops, priests, or deacons.
• The term 'pope' was still used loosely until the sixth century, being at times assumed by other bishops.